How to optimize SQL query performance?

Use Indexes:

• Create indexes on columns frequently used in WHERE, JOIN, and ORDER BY clauses.
• Avoid redundant indexes.

Avoid SELECT *:

• Select only the necessary columns.
• Reduces the amount of data transferred.

Optimize JOIN and WHERE Conditions:

• Use equality (=) instead of inequality where possible.
• Avoid functions and calculations on indexed columns in conditions.

Use Result Limits (LIMIT):

• Limit the number of returned rows if you don’t need all the data.

Avoid Subqueries Where Joins Are Possible::

• Replace correlated subqueries with JOIN or EXISTS.

Cache frequently used data:

• Use materialized views or caching at the application level.

Profiling and Query Analysis:

• Use tools (EXPLAIN, EXPLAIN PLAN) to analyze query execution plans.